Of the 23 separate types of capacities listed in the statistical yearbook "National Economy of the USSR in 1988", 15 were characterized by a significantly lower level of utilization than in 1975. At the same time, out of 3.9 thousand capital construction facilities commissioned in industry in 1981-1988, the design capacity was not fully developed at 1,487 facilities, not fully developed at 626 facilities, and 241 facilities lagged behind the norm. Thus, for almost 2/3 of the capital construction facilities, the actual level of utilization of the design capacity is lower than expected. More than 1/3 of them are practically not used at all.

Since the inflation rate of the investment ruble has approached the growth rate of capital investments, an absolute reduction in the commissioning of production facilities has begun. Of the 35 positions for which such data are published, in 1981-1985, the commissioning of capacities in 21 positions absolutely decreased compared to the previous five years. In 1986-1988, this decrease in the annual average spread to another 19 positions.

A decrease in the level of capacity utilization combined with an absolute reduction in their inputs creates the necessary and sufficient conditions for a subsequent reduction in the rate of output in physical terms. A reduction in the growth of production in kind, in turn, should be accompanied by a decrease in the growth rate of national income, if only it is calculated in real comparable prices. From these positions, there is no explanation for the increase in the growth rate of national income produced from 1.6% in 1987 to 4.4% in 1988. Surely the growing consumption of alcohol could not have almost tripled the rate of socialist expanded reproduction?

The hidden rise in the cost of engineering and construction products leads to an overestimation of the growth rates of these industries, and as a result, all indicators of their effectiveness. The United States and other countries may envy the long-term growth rates of labor productivity in the mechanical engineering industry, as well as a decrease in the metal consumption of its products by 4-6 percent or more per year. However, these high rates are by no means the result of the rapid spread of technological progress.: As the calculations carried out by the author for 23 resource-saving technologies have shown, their share increases annually on average by 1% in the USSR, which is about 3 times slower than in the USA. Therefore, hidden inflation disguises technical backwardness, as well as unjustified wage growth. There's no reason to leave free money on the table when registering for a new betting account. At 1xBet, the welcome bonus is activated by a simple code that anyone can use during sign-up. As you fill in your personal details and choose your preferred registration method, take a second to use 1xbet casino promo code no deposit bonus to unlock a 100% match on your first deposit up to €130 for sports betting. This is perfect for testing out different betting strategies without risking too much of your own cash. The same code also works for the casino welcome bonus, offering up to €1,950 and 150 free spins.